Sample University Admission Essay - How to Write a Student-Friendly Essay

Sample University Admission Essay - How to Write a Student-Friendly EssayWriting a sample university admission essay can be one of the more daunting and challenging tasks that you will face in your academic career. You should know that the essay is one of the few subjects that is taught in a college or university, so it needs to be written correctly if you want to pass your classes and get a college degree.Unfortunately, many students try to cram too much information into the sample admissions essays they are given. This leads to the creation of less than perfect essays, which does not really help your chances of being accepted. If you have studied writing samples well, you will understand what I am talking about.First, the most important thing when you are writing a sample university admission essay is to make sure that you do not overuse grammar. Grammar and spelling are an important aspect of any college application. However, there are certain grammatical rules that you need to fo llow in writing a college admission essay, especially if you are applying for a degree at a university.For example, the subject line for your college admission essay should be accurate and match the information that you provide in your essay. Although it is not required to write a full thesis statement, you may still want to include the title of your essay on the envelope or return envelope, and the contact information on the cover letter. One of the things that you will need to watch out for is the introduction.Your introduction should clearly and correctly introduce yourself as well as any background information about you that will help readers understand who you are. As I mentioned earlier, grammar and spelling are important, but it is also important to include all of the information in your introduction, and keep it short. A very effective way to introduce yourself is to talk about your favorite sport, or favorite hobby. If you have something to say about your family, please men tion that as well.For your college admissions essay, you will also need to create a unique structure that relates to your personal story. Many colleges prefer to see essays that demonstrate a clear purpose, and that the essay begins with a question. It is your job to make sure that the structure of your essay follows this format.Remember that a college admission essay is not going to be the easiest thing that you will ever write. In order to have a good chance of being accepted into a university, you need to go above and beyond the standard writing sample used for undergraduate admissions.

The Impacts of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 on the National Intelligence Community

9/11 Commission’s Major Recommendations for Reforming the Intelligence Community One recommendation of the 9/11 Commission to reform the Intelligence Community was the separation of its two arms, the Intelligence Committee and CIA Management. This was aimed at reducing conflicts within the Intelligence Community when gathering information. Similarly, the 9/11 commission was to ensure that the president and congress are able to make informed decisions on national security and foreign policies.1Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Impacts of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 on the National Intelligence Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was to be effected through the Weapons of Mass Destruction and IRTPA recommendations. Another recommendation is that the Director of National Intelligence was to provide more analytical resources to enhance the tactical and strate gic intelligence aimed at understanding and countering insurgency in Iraq. Currently, the Director of National Intelligence is required to engage in the daily activities of the Intelligence Community fully. It is recommended that the Intelligence Community needs to improve the processes of gathering further and analyzing intelligence reports in order to avoid recurrence of major intelligence blunders such as the report that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction in its possession.2 Intelligence management provisions entail an examination of the expected intelligence with both high and low effects, and extenuation plans to help in curtailing the harmful impacts of any unpredictable event; like the 9/11 incidence. Intelligence management plans have to be revised sporadically by the professionals and policymakers to evade having the study become old and not insightful of the real potential hazard and risks from the renowned terrorists. According to 9/11 commission, another critical consi deration of intelligence management plans is the inclusion of an intelligence strategy. Generally, there are four major approaches, with several disparities. These include; intelligence avoidance which involves strategies to avoid further terrorist activities, intelligence vindication to diminish the likely impact through intermediary steps, intelligence acceptance that consists in taking the chance of the harmful effect, and the transferring of intelligence information, which involves subcontracting the intelligence recommendations to a third entity that can manage the consequences.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, this could be accomplished financially by employing insurance contracts or prevarication dealings or operationally by terrorists. Intelligence management is considered an indefinable term, and it raises contemplations of safety surveys, inva sive checkups, subjective regulations, as well as consequences for desecrations. Even though the recommendations made by the 9/11 commission has been largely embraced by the country; the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 has conventionally assumed a more inconsiderate approach toward this subject. Major Components of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) One component of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) is the procedure of appointing the Director of National Intelligence.3 The IRTPA stipulates the duties of the director of national intelligence and also describe the code of conduct for the director. For example, it is essential to note that the director is mandated to provide the president, departmental heads, the executive branch, and the superior military commanders and police chiefs with nationwide intelligence.4 The Director of National Intelligence should guarantee that the intelligence sources/methods ar e hardly known by strangers. IRTPA also provides the composition of the national intelligence director’s office and stipulates the duties of the individuals who work together with the director of national intelligence. The act provides the composition of the National Intelligence Council and its roles. IRTPA discusses the duties of the Director of Science and Technology, who works within the office of the director of national intelligence. The responsibilities of the Central Intelligence Agency and its composition are also stipulated by the IRTPA. The act also discusses the termination of CIA employees’ employments. The act also defines national security and elaborates how the department of defense is to coordinate with the Central Intelligence Agency on security issues. In section 1016, the act discusses information sharing and information sharing environment. The office of the program manager and the duties of the office’s holder are provided by the act.Advert ising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Impacts of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 on the National Intelligence Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The duties of the Director of National Counterterrorism Agency are also provided by the act. Section 1022 of the act discusses the establishment and responsibilities of the National Counter Proliferation Center. In article 1031, the roles and composition of the Joint Intelligence Community Council are highlighted. In section 1041, enhancement of education within the intelligence community is discussed. The powers of the Federal Government to conduct war on terrorism and its limits in this pursuit are discussed in section 1061. The act highlights various amendments on various acts in subtitle G. The modalities of transferring, termination of employment of personnel and transition of the community management staff are highlighted in subt itle H. The act also evaluates the need for improving the intelligence capabilities of the FBI in title II. The act discusses security clearance processes in title III. Security procedures in various modes of transportation such as aviation are discussed in title IV of the act. In subtitle C, the act discusses air cargo security measures aimed at enhancing aviation security. Maritime security measures are discussed in subtitle D of title IV in action. The act discusses border protection and modalities through which individuals can be allowed to enter the country in title V. Section 5201 of title V focuses on border surveillance while section 5202 looks into procedures to be used in deporting individuals who have participated in military training in organizations linked with terrorism. In subtitle E of the act, treatment of individuals from foreign nations who have been engaged in terrorist activities is discussed.5 Title VI establishes the protocols desired for reporting by the AG ( attorney general) to the Intelligence Committee within the House of Representatives, Senate and Judiciary of the 2 Houses. Amendments of the International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Antiterrorism Technical Corrections Act are stated in the act. The act discusses the importance of preventing terrorists from accessing destructive weapons such as atomic weapons and viruses. The act provides procedures for implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations in title VII. The act also gives measures that can be used in screening potential terrorists at points of entry into the country.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Comparison of the 9/11 Commission Recommendations with the IRTPA The 9/11 Commission recommendations formed the grounds for introduction of the office of the Director of National Intelligence and also IRTPA (Scanlin, 5). Through the 9/11 Commission recommendations, the IRTPA and the Homeland Security Act were amended in order to enhance the extent of Information Sharing Environment. Division of labor in intelligence is also recommended by the 9/11 Commission. This is aimed at enhancing the processes of gathering in various agencies.6 The 9/11 Commission also resulted in the formation of the National Counter-Terrorism Center and stipulated its roles in overcoming the tactical gaps in fighting terrorism. The recommendation also gives NCTC responsibility for conducting joint operational planning. It also recommends that the United States government needs to identify real or potential terrorist havens and target any terrorists in order to scare them. The commission also calls for the ne ed to cooperate with nations that are willing to help the United States in the fight against terrorism.7 The commission recommends total intolerance to governments such as Pakistan which tend to support extremism. The 9/11 Commission also recommends the consolidation of the gains made in Afghanistan by ensuring that the country continues to remain secure and stable. IRTPA, on the other hand, has resulted in modification of various aspects of intelligence and terrorism prevention agencies. For instance, it resulted in the reorganization of the Intelligence Community and created the post of the Director of National Intelligence and the National Counterterrorism Center. The ways through which 9/11 Commission professionals reached their target audience in unconventional ways were vast. They created viable interpersonal relationships and communication provisions amidst the institutions. The aspects of teamwork and individual manipulation also enhanced intelligence ratification and embrac ement of diverse security recommendations within the US. Currently, this is a considerable provision in realizing the benefits of IRTPA in the country. Usually, IRTPA is faced with the desire to manage intelligence provisions professionally and efficiently. In comparison, this implies that the 9/11 Commission Recommendations and the IRTP were strategies for the country to control costs, and also enhance security strategies through loyalty, involvement and personal development. However, since the establishment of the 9/11 Commission Recommendations and the IRTP were both legal intentions, limited contradiction will remain. Again, since effective intelligence institution relies upon proper communication of clear and reliable information, 9/11 Commission Recommendations and the IRTP must embrace proper strategies for greater operational diversities. How the IRTPA Has Impacted On the National Intelligence Community The IRTPA has had several impacts on the national intelligence community since its inception. One of the impacts of IRTPA is that it has resulted in structural changes within National Intelligence Community.8 For instance, the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) was formed as a result of IRTPA. One of the roles of NCTCis guiding counterterrorism analysis across the intelligence community (Office of the director of National Intelligence, 2). Through the IRTPA, members of the intelligence community have been able to coordinate their activities such as collection and analysis of information related to possible terrorist threats. This has been useful in supporting policymaking and military communities. The act has also made it possible for the supervision of the activities which would ensure that the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Intelligence Community are able to discharge their duties effectively. The act has also enabled the Intelligence Community to adopt scientific and technological advancements aimed at enhancing the spee d of acquisition and dissemination of information on possible terrorist threats. This has become possible and the costs of acquiring and responding to terrorist threats have also been reduced through the act.9 In the context of IRTPA, it is crucial to note that a set of policies and procedures should be established and implemented to govern the subject of national security by the United States Government against criminals such as terrorist. Fundamentally, National Intelligence Community is an institutional term referring to the deliberate acts by states. In this context, most of the American states rely on the National Intelligence information to unveil information and discover individuals who are considered as a potential threat to the security of the state during both times of peace and armed conflicts.10 Basically, National Intelligence Community is an essential provision for any country like the United States of America to employ in alienating terrorist acts. It is vital for the USA to continue exercising the technique considering its efficiency and appropriateness in nurturing and ensuring continuous peace. It is important to consider the safety of the nationals as well as the protection of the properties owned by the concerned states. This argument relates to the fact that the National Intelligence Community does not predispose the country into a state of war but ensures continuation of public and economic affairs within a highly secured environment. However, there is great importance to amend the policies governing IRTPA to address the widespread criticisms about morality and efficacy of the security technique, especially when establishing the security challenges. Relevant policies should be enacted to streamline the operations of IRTPA and create a coherent procedure on how operations should be conducted, when, and where. This is a critical provision as it will help in managing IRTPA and National Intelligence Community hence saving the country from unn ecessary expenditures, and enhance the aspects of security.11 It is important to reiterate that it is within the prerogative of IRTPA to ensure that the National Intelligence Community is operational and conforms to the security demands of the nation. IRTPA is accountable to the security of its citizens anywhere across the US. This position relates to the series of terrorist attacks targeted on the USA and friendly countries that have resulted to lose of innocent lives and destruction of properties. The USA has encountered numerous challenges in its attempts to man security within its borders and across the world, notwithstanding significant financial and personnel lose. It is for the reasons that targeted killing introduces and remains the best technique that USA can rely on to address its security obligations. In advancing the campaigns in favor of security agencies, the USA needs to amend its criteria of identifying the potential threats. The USA intelligence organs must prove wi thin legal and criminal basis that the target is a threat to the wellbeing of the country. This indicates how the IRTPA has impacted on the national intelligence community. To execute the targeted intelligence security, it is essential that the USA amend its policies to conform to the international law of war. Since the USA does not target innocent and patriotic citizens, it is not appropriate to kill the later during operation to alienate a threat. As a way of observing integrity of life, it is important for US intelligence to exercise their expertise as much as possible to capture the targets and prosecute them in legal institutions. However, there are certain targets who have sophisticated security and difficult to capture but at the same time posing a threat to the country. In such instances, it is important and appropriate for US security organs to use drones to track and kill the targets How Reforms Have Impacted On the Various Agencies The reforms which have been enacted with the aim of improving national security have had positive impacts on various security agencies. It has been noted that there are too many federal agencies which make sharing information difficult.12 However, the reforms have made it possible for these agencies to coordinate their activities more efficiently. For instance, reforms brought about by the IRTPA have helped in increasing the capacity of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in collecting intelligence information on national security matters. The reforms have also made the transportation sector more secure than before and border surveillance by security forces has been enhanced. In the aviation sector, biometric technology has been adopted and this has made the process of identifying individuals faster and more accurate. The reforms have made the process of identifying potential terrorist activities and terrorist faster and this has improved national security. Reforms also led to the introduction of the Patriot Act, which ha s empowered intelligence and law enforcement agencies in collecting and disseminating terrorist information. Reforms also led to the formation of the Counterintelligence Enhancement Act which resulted in creation of the office of the National Counterintelligence Executive who was to be in charge of counterintelligence and security in the United States. Basically, intelligence is an essential aspect of a country’s security. Countries that lack the competency to manage terrorism acts might face severe consequences in the context of socio-economic provisions. This indicates how the reforms have impacted on the various agencies in a diverse manner. Ideally, many factors within the national intelligence require different considerations. In some agencies, including a workplace environment with considerable ambiance for all employees is critical for the performance of the organization. Poor morale, low worker turnover and harassment are some of the negative elements. Other negative factors may include employee discrimination and absenteeism. These factors lead to great losses in productivity.13 Organizations distinguish the need to engage in the development of diversity. In attaining this, there are several initiatives involved. For four decades, most organizations continue to spend numerous resources in diversity reforms and how to avert the acts of terrorism. The basic aim is to enhance their level of performance. These reforms also increase the level of employee welfare and elevate the organization‘s efficiency.14 This equally indicates how the reforms have impacted on the various agencies in vast contexts. Conclusion IRTPA has had positive impacts on the national intelligence community by enhancing the gathering and dissemination of terrorism-related information in different security agencies. The act aims at avoiding any future failure to detect terrorist threats and misinformation among security agencies. It has also enhanced intelligence support t o policymakers. However, there remains the need to further enhance the national intelligence community by adopting more intelligence reforms. With the increase in accessibility to technological advancements, terrorists continue to devise ways of evading intelligence agencies. This means that there is still need to evaluate such plans and enact reforms that will give the security agencies more authority to deal with them. It is important to note that the 9/11 Commission recommendations formed the grounds for introduction of the office of the Director of National Intelligence and also IRTPA. Through the 9/11 Commission recommendations, the IRTPA and the Homeland Security Act were amended in order to enhance the extent of the Information Sharing Environment, as mentioned before. Division of labor in intelligence is also recommended by the 9/11 Commission. Basically, the IRTPA has had several impacts on the national intelligence community since its inception. The IRTPA stipulates the du ties of the director of national intelligence and also describe the code of conduct for the director. The director is required to ensure that the president, heads of various departments in the executive branch, the head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other senior military commanders, among others, are provided with national intelligence. Concurrently, IRTPA has resulted in structural changes within the National Intelligence Community. For instance, the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) was formed as a result of IRTPA. Bibliography Bazan, Elizabeth B. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Overview and Modifications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008. Bolton, M. Kent. U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11: Present at the Re-Creation. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield, 2008. Cummins, Sally J. Digest of United States Practice in International Law Cumulative Index. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007. Fingar, Thomas. Reducing Uncertainty Intelligence Analys is and National Security. Stanford, CA: Stanford Security Studies, 2011. Iseby, John. 9/11 Commission Recommendations. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008. Posner, Richard A. Preventing Surprise Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, Stanford Univ, 2005. Footnotes 1 Richard Posner, Preventing Surprise Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11 (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, Stanford Univ, 2005), 62. 2 JohnIseby. 9/11 Commission Recommendations (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008), 34. 3 Richard Posner, Preventing Surprise Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11 (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, Stanford Univ, 2005), 45. 4Thomas Fingar, Reducing Uncertainty Intelligence Analysis and National Security (Stanford: Stanford Security Studies, 2011), 34. 5 Sally Cummins, Digest of United States Practice in International Law Cumulative Index (Oxford: Oxford Univ Pr, 2007), 67. 6 Kent Bolton, U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11: Present at the Re-Creation (Lanham: Rowman Littlefield, 2008), 11. 7 Elizabeth Bazan, The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Overview and Modifications (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008), 12. 8 Elizabeth Bazan, The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Overview and Modifications ( New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008), 2. 9 Kent Bolton, U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11: Present at the Re-Creation (Lanham: Rowman Littlefield, 2008), 131 10 Thomas Finga, Reducing Uncertainty Intelligence Analysis and National Security (Stanford: Stanford Security Studies, 2011), 134. 11Sally Cummins, Digest of United States Practice in International Law Cumulative Index (Oxford: Oxford Univ Pr, 2007), 167. 12 Elizabeth Bazan. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Overview and Modifications (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008), 22. 13Kent Bolton, U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11: Present at the Re-Creation (Lanham: Rowman Littlefield, 2008), 11. 14 Thomas Fingar, Reducing Uncertainty Intelligence Analysis and National Security (Stanford: Stanford Security Studies, 2011), 76. This term paper on The Impacts of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 on the National Intelligence Community was written and submitted by user Phasma to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Physical Therapists Essays

Physical Therapists Essays Physical Therapists Paper Physical Therapists Paper Physical Therapists are health care professionals who study and treat people with health problems that are caused from injury or disease. A Physical Therapists assess joint motion, muscle strength and endurance, function of heart and lungs, and performance of activities required in daily living. Physical Therapists can specialize in a few different areas. There is Rehabilitation, Community Health, Industry, Sports, Research, Education, and Administration. In Rehabilitation, Physical Therapists practice closely with other health care personnel in hospitals or rehabilitation centers to determine patients goals. They evaluate and assess patients recovering from injury, surgery, or disease, develop and implement treatment programs. They teach patients to use artificial limbs and other assistive devices. They also provide instruction and home programs to patients and their families to continue the recovery process once the patient is out of the Physical Therapists direct care. In Community Health, Physical Therapists deliver rehabilitative care in the home, teach prenatal and postnatal exercise classes, and screen, evaluate, and treat children in public schools. They also teach back-care classes to prevent back pain and injury. In Industry, Physical Therapists determine fitness requirements for specific jobs. They screen, evaluate, and assess employees conditions with respect to job-related physical needs. They identify potentially dangerous work sites, modify task performance to prevent job-related injuries, and provide treatment to injured workers. In Sports, Physical Therapists assess athletes performance abilities, condition athletes to improve performance, recommend assistive or safety equipment to reduce injuries, and develop fitness programs for all segments of the general public. In Research, Physical Therapists design, plan, conduct, and report studies in basic and clinical sciences that will lead to new knowledge, new technology, and increasingly more effective physical therapy patient care. In Education, Physical Therapists Develop skills to prepare students for careers in physical therapy and teach entry-level and graduate-level physical therapy students and other health care personal. They design, plan, conduct, and report on scholarly activities that contribute to new knowledge in the science and art of physical therapy. They also Participate in a variety of service activities in the university and community setting. In Administration, Physical Therapists manage physical therapy departments and clinics and provide consultative services to colleagues and health care providers. Many things must be done to become a physical therapist. In High school students should successfully complete courses in social sciences, biology, mathematics, physics, English, and chemistry. Students should learn the admissions requirements for accredited physical therapy programs and plan accordingly. They should volunteer or work in a local hospital or health care setting to strengthen interpersonal skills and develop an understanding of the needs and capabilities of patients and physical therapists. In college students should contact physical therapist education programs to learn what prerequisites are necessary for admission to their programs and for advice on other programs requirements, financial aid, and other support services. They should continue volunteer work in a department of physical therapy; find a physical therapist mentor; become familiar with issues related to the profession. They should also attend American Physical Therapy Association district/chapter meetings and get acquainted with members and leaders in the field. Students should take courses in psychology, biology, physics, statistics, chemistry, English, professional writing, and humanities. It is now required of students to pursue a postbaccalaureate degree in physical therapy which will take two more years in a physical therapy school. The starting salary in this career is approximately $55,000. There are really no advancement opportunities, but there are many different fields that someone can go into. Throughout the 75-year history of physical therapy in the US, there has been a shortage of qualified physical therapists. According to a report by Vector Research, the shortage for physical therapists was reached in 1998. But, as a consequence of societys increasing participation in sports and fitness activities, more physical therapists will be needed in the health care system to treat and help prevent knee, leg, back, shoulder, and other musculo-skeletal injuries. The need for physical therapists will continue to increase as new diagnostic and treatment equipment and methods are developed. I chose physical therapy for many different reasons. I do actually want to specialize in Sports physical therapy. I want to help people, and still be involved in sports one way or another. I was thinking about something in the field of engineering, but I decided I would like to stay in a career that is related to sports in some way. If this doesnt end up working out I guess I would be able to go back to college and figure out something else to do, but for now this is what I want to do. I have actually mentored with physical therapists and it seems like that is something I would be interested in. I want to help people and I would have fun trying to work with people who want to learn to do something again.

Racial segregation in schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racial segregation in schools - Essay Example This case had been by parents of Topeka city and called for the Board of Education to reverse racial segregation since educational in these schools were unequal (Miller, 3). The Mendez case of 1947 challenged segregation in education successfully. It involved Mexican-American California farmers who took their children to a local school but were rejected by the administration (Straum, 1). The parents had to take their children to a separate school reserved for Mexican Americans. The Plessy case legalized the establishment of separate schools for different races. These schools were supposed to have equal facilities but the races would never mix. The Brown and Mendez cases challenged racial segregation in the educational sector in Kansas and California states. Racial segregation in the education center has existed for several years since the legalization of separate public facilities in the ruling of the Plessy vs. Ferguson case. Racial segregation is a violation of the Fourteenth const itutional amendment that gives every child the full protection by the law. The separate public facilities were supposed to have equal resources. ... These conditions undermine student achievement and can be blamed for the small number of Latinos and Africans in higher learning institutions (Camille and Siebens, 5). White schools have qualified teachers, appropriate learning materials and environment, and adequate facilities. According to the educational report, majority of the students in colleges and universities are white (Camille and Siebens, 4). Blacks and Latinos have the lowest number in the overall number of citizens who have a bachelor’s degree, masters, doctorate or professional degree. This can be termed as the racial opportunity gap that disadvantages African American and Latino students. Asians have the highest percentage of people with bachelors, masters, professional, and doctorate degrees among nonwhite citizens. This opportunity gap greatly undermines the educational and career life chances of California Black and Latin students. This crisis can be attributed to under qualified teachers, little access to le arning materials, and few instruction days due to overcrowding. Racially segregated schools have lower API scores compared to those recorded in white schools. The state emphasizes the use of standards-based tests to evaluate schools, which requires sophisticated teaching, learning materials, and uncrowded school buildings (ULCA, pp.8). According to Strum, segregated education is damaging to Mexican-American children on the grounds of psychological, social, and pedagogical costs (Strum, 1). The struggle between Mendez and Westminster provided Latinos with equal educational opportunities in public schools. These students were considered to be white but experience a language deficiency. The ULCA report indicates that most segregated schools have few text books and

Answer these questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Answer these questions - Assignment Example Since Brazil dependent on primary commodities, it experienced a case of Dutch Disease during this time. Another obstacle towards Brazilian development was the elastic supply of labor. Initially Brazil took advantage of the import of slaves from Africa but with the abolition of slavery that Brazil tried to ignore for as long as it could, Brazil began to gain labor from Southern Europe. The plantation owners began to press the government to transport labor from southern Europe at low costs. Thus an elastic supply of labor was maintained which resulted in a stable labor costs. While labor costs should have increased with the abolition of slavery, Brazil managed to keep them down through its lax immigration laws. One obstacle to the development of Brazil was the high cost of transportation. The country depended on waterways for the transportation of labor and other commodities. But the topography is Brazil is such that these waterways are not strategically placed within the country. Also the flow of certain rivers did not allow for an advantage through water transportation. The other option available to Brazil was land transportation. Unfortunately, land transportation was not a feasible option as most roads were broken and vehicles could not pass by them. The high cost of transportation therefore led to a limited interregional and international trade. Agriculture producers were only limited to market in their immediate vicinity. The surplus that was being produced in certain areas could not be transported in such a manner as to profit the crop owners. The inelasticity of supply that generated as a result meant that prices would increase every time the demand of advanced products increased i n the market. Thus the domestic agriculture sector of Brazil was unable to flourish as a result of the inelastic transportation system within the country. Even though the government realized the impact of the under development

Henri Cartier Bresson And Terence Donovan Photography Essay

Henri Cartier Bresson And Terence Donovan Photography Essay To discuss the contextual differences of two artists. To compare and contrast two images by two different photographers. The two artists I have chosen to look at for this investigation are Henri Cartier Bresson and Terence Donovan. To compare and contrast the two images I have chosen by these artists, not only must the images be deconstructed, but the artists background. The aim is to develop an understanding of why the photographer took the image, whether social pressures or cultural pressures had anything to do with the reasoning behind the image being captured. Henri Cartier Bresson was born in the early 1900s where as Terence Donovan was born 1936, which gave Bresson 30 years head start in his photographic career. Both artists lived throught World War II. Due to very different upbringings the images are totally different. Henri Cartier Bresson was a French documentary photographer whereas Terence Donovan was a British fashion photographer this is the most obvious and clarifying reason for the different style of photography. They both became inspired by the world of the photographic image in very different ways. In the 1960s for example, the cultures differences between England and France were huge. France where Parisians were revolting against the boundaries of normal society and Britain which was the height of fashion and culture. Henri Cartier Bresson would have been considered fairly wealthy, in that era, simply because his was born into wealth, this gave him the opportunity to pursue his career in photography and the arts, which may not have been made possible otherwise. Bresson also had a full and extremely beneficial education, attending University, and afterwards doing his mandatory service in the French Army. Bresson matured both artistically and as a man during a turbulent cultural and political era. This is reflected in many of his images, because of his documentation of the worlds great events during his lifetime, such as Gandhis funeral, the final stage of the Chinese Civil War and many other great historical events. Terence Donovan on the other hand, was born into a working class family, but had a true passion for the photographic art from a young age. Donovan attended a school specifically aimed at improving photographic knowledge in young minds. After attendance at school and experience in a stud io, he opened his own photographic studio and began image making. Terence Donovan was born in 1936 just before the Second World War started, and took his first photograph at a young age. The bomb-damaged industrial landscape of his home town of Stepney, became the backdrop of much of his fashion photography. Terence Donovan achieved so much at such a young age. He had his own photographic studio by the time he was in his twenties. He became particularly distinctive in the swinging London of the 60s. An era that can only be described as the first time young people wanted to be themselves. Terence Donovan had front page covers in magazines such as; Man about town, Vogue, Marie Claire, Nova, Queen and Elle, who were attracted by his versatility. Donovan became far more personal with age and was much more expressive than at the beginning of his career when he was more revolutionary. However, he did not just photograph the era, he helped shape it. The youth of the 60s was becoming far more outspoken and craved attention. However this was a static era in which models posed in prescribed ways. This was when and possibly why Donovan launched a defiant break from the norm of the time. With established standards of glamour and elegance as well as his close attention to detail, could be what lead to Donovans his elevated to celebrity status. Donovan was one of the first celebrity photographers, and became just as much as a celebrity, as those people he photographed. Where as Henri Cartier Bresson was born in 1908 his career in the arts began at a young age, but he did not discover the medium of photography until veiwing another artists work, which inspired him to become a documentary photographer. He did photograph some celebrities, such as Gandhi. The two photographers differ in this respect, because Terence Donovans photographs made people famous, whereas Henri Cartier Bresson photographs made him more famous, rather than the people in his images. Henri Cartier Bresson has a skill at envisaging an image, even when simply walking through the streets of Paris, his compostion is second to none, the rule of third is a compostional technique, captured in most of his images seems almost flawless. The fact that his camera is hand held, he manages to capture images, without camera shake, with good compostional skill, with the lighting being natural and without the subjects even realising they are being photographed. Once a subject realises they are being photographed they become far more formal and adapt and unnatural behaviour. The fact his subjects are completely unaware of the image being taken, makes his photographs far more pure and untainted and therefore even more spectacular. Especially so in this image, the couple being photographed are kissing, and are clearly unaware, if they were, this image would have lost its natural beauty, because the image would have been posed for. The small camera Bresson used when taking this speci fic shot, gave him the ability to get very intimate with this couple without there knowledge. In comparison Terence Donovans work is clearly set up and each photograph he takes he plans each sitters pose. In the majority of his portraiture, the sitter is making direct eye contact with the viewer, meaning the sitters attention is directed at the camera, and not elsewhere. Donovans photographs are always completely in focus which attracts attention. His photographs are artificially composed and are orderly which makes them even more spectacular. One photograph in particular of Terence Donovans stood out in my eyes. His photograph of the well-known actor Terence Stamp is, in my view, visually stunning. His face is defined so clearly by the contrasting colours and the light is directed upon his facial features, this adds sharpness and obvious clarity. This photograph has masses of detail and atmosphere because of the negative space and the mood of the sitter. Terence stamp looks very aware, determined, and undisguised because of the bluntness of his stare. The light is coming slightly from the right of the sitter so shadows appear on his face which emphasises his facial features. The picture makes the sitter look demanding and as though he commands respect, this makes Terence stamp look iconic. Henri Cartier Bresson work is in it own right, iconic, because it captures culture and the time period in which it was photographed beautifully. The subjects in Bresson work are not looking at the camera, which gives them a certain anon ymity and disguises them. In comparison to the image by Terence Donovan, Bressons work has more detail, because it has a stage, a background, where as Donovans work simply has negative space. A simplistic but striking image, His versatility attracted me, shooting in mostly black and white; his professional, intelligent style sets him apart from other photographers. His use of tone and the quality and depth of the monochrome he uses, particularly the gradations from light to dark, were so striking and iconic. Donovan uses two highly contrasting colours black and white; this makes his photographs look professional, having little or no bright colours makes the photo less complicated. His photographs have so much atmosphere that colour would be an unnecessary addition to his photographs. The same of which can be said for Henri Cartier Bressons work, who also shot in black and white, but because his images were on the spur of the moment, they engage the viewer differently. His style is graphic but simplistic, so makes a big impact in an effortless manner. Having this style makes the photograph less complex and cluttered, having some negative space adds a sense of mystery, and makes the photograph far more dramatic. The crispness in all of Terence Donovan photographs adds precise detail and brilliantly defined lines. Where as in Henri Cartier Bressons work is far more complex, he could not make people in the streets pose for him, he had to be extremely patient to capture his images as well as being subtle. He was not able to pose people in the image, as he would have lost his entire ideology of capturing people in there natural environment which is what documentary photography is. The images I chose represents both artists work well because it gives an insight into how exactly they created and captured there images and also gives an example of some of great street photography, and studio photography. As well as helping to prove that both artists socio-cultural identity did affect there work in many ways. Henri Cartier Bresson photographed very ordinary things of the time period, but because he was documenting an era, whereas Terence Donovan photographed fashion at the time. The world in which these differing artists were raised and brought up in is definitely apparent in there images especially those taken in there native Cities, England and France. This exploration into both Henri Cartier Bressons work and Terence Donovans past and subsequently there image making helps substantiate that there upbringing and the social climate in which they existed probably made a significant impact on there work, and lifestyle.

Females According to Christina Rossetti and Mary Wollstonecraft Essay

Females According to Christina Rossetti and Mary Wollstonecraft What is it that separates and elevates human beings from the rest of the animal world? It is the ability to logically explain an action, decision, or conviction; it is the capacity to reason. As Rousseau states, â€Å"Only reason teaches us good from evil† (Wollstonecraft 238). According to him, as well as countless other intellectuals of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through the exercise of reason men become moral and political agents. Of course, this Enlightenment theory does not include women. Rousseau declares his opinion of the female, â€Å"O how lovely is her ignorance!† (253) The woman is the man's fantasy, the man's student, the man's plaything. Controlled, contained, and defined by the man, the woman is inferior to him and thus, not human. Eighteenth century writer and mother of female liberalism, Mary Wollstonecraft refutes this supposedly natural state of man being superior to woman in her treatise, "A Vindication of The Rights of Woman": It is farce to call any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of reason... This was Rousseau's opinion respecting men: I extend it to women....till the manners of the time are changed...it may be impossible to convince [women]that the illegitimate power, which they obtain, by degrading themselves, is a curse, and that they must return to nature and equality ...(239) She proclaims the female to be equally capable of reason as the male. In order for the female to recognize and utilize this capability, society's males and females must alter their prejudicial definition of the feminine. Wollstonecraft addresses the fema... ...cquire virtues which they may call their own, for how can a rational being be ennobled by any thing that is not obtained by its own exertions?† (254) Indeed, it is only when the woman may call her skill, her experience, or her truth, all derived from reason, her own that she shall be independent. As Rossetti states, â€Å"Only my secret's mine...† (6). And, only when the societal norms change, shall the keeping of such a secret be by choice and not necessity. Works Cited Wollstonecraft, Mary. Vindication of the Rights of Women. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol 2A. Ed. David Damrosch. 2nd ed. London: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 2003. 227-255. Rossetti, Christina. â€Å"Winter: My Secret.† The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol. 2B. Ed. David Damrosch. 2nd ed. London: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 2003. 1617.